What point(s) on the capnographic waveform represents) a mixture of alveolar gas and dead space gas1/31/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() The infrared method is used to monitor the end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure of the human body, thereby measuring the carbon dioxide content in the human arterial blood. ![]() The normal end-tidal capnography waveform is divided into four phases and four segments:ġ.Phase I: AB segment, baseline of inspiration, at zero point, which is the beginning of exhalation Ģ.Phase II: BC segment, the ascending branch of expiration, which is a mixture of alveoli and void space ģ.Phase III: CD segment, exhalation platform, horizontal shape, mixed alveolar air Ĥ.Phase IV: DE segment, the descending branch of expiration, which descends rapidly and steeply to baseline, and fresh gas enters the airway.Ĭarbon dioxide selectively absorbs infrared light with a wavelength of 4.26 μm, and its effect on the infrared absorption spectrum is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 shows a normal end-tidal capnography waveform.įigure 1 The normal end-tidal capnography waveform The normal range of PETCO2 in normal people is 4.5kPa~6.0kPa (34~45mmHg), P(a-ET)CO2 is 2~5mmHg, but under pathological conditions, due to changes in pulmonary blood flow or alveolar ventilation, PETCO2 is Cannot represent PaCO2. Therefore, PETCO2 reflects PaCO2 clinically. Under normal circumstances, PaCO2≈PACO2≈PETCO2. Human body's carbon dioxide production, alveolar ventilation, and pulmonary blood perfusion affect PACO2. Over the years, the application of medical carbon dioxide monitoring has been widely valued by clinical medical staff and has become a standard configuration in the construction of key departments such as ICU, OR and ER. After the signs, another important life parameter. The standard of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (PETCO2) is defined as "the partial pressure or concentration of carbon dioxide contained in the mixed alveolar gas exhaled by the human body at the end of expiration", which is the routine life of blood pressure, electrocardiogram, body temperature, respiration, pulse oxygen saturation, etc. Through the monitoring of breathing carbon dioxide, we can obtain the end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, the minimum inhalation of carbon dioxide, and the airway respiratory rate during human breathing. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration is a high-end monitoring parameter in medical monitoring. ![]()
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